Balancing State Authority and Autonomy in Public Sector Employment Relations: The Role of Legal and Social Dialogue Frameworks

Abstract

This article examines the evolving dynamics of employment relations in the public sector, focusing on the interplay between authoritative state regulation and autonomous mechanisms such as collective bargaining and social dialogue. The study aims to identify key international legal standards that define the boundaries of state intervention in public employment and to evaluate how these standards are reflected in domestic legislative frameworks. Drawing upon international conventions and best practices, the research highlights the gap between normative ideals—such as the right to collective bargaining, dispute resolution mechanisms, and freedom of association—and their practical implementation in the public sector. Findings suggest that in many countries, especially where centralized governance dominates, public sector employment relations remain largely governed by rigid legislative mandates, often at the expense of participatory and decentralized approaches. The lack of effective social dialogue and limited autonomy in collective labour negotiations hinder the development of cooperative and responsive employment relations. The article advocates for the strengthening of decentralized social dialogue mechanisms, particularly at the regional and institutional levels, to foster better communication, conflict prevention, and resolution between government authorities and civil servants. The research underscores the need for aligning national practices with international labour standards to ensure a fair and sustainable framework for public employment relations. Encouraging inclusive negotiation processes can enhance transparency, accountability, and motivation within the public workforce.